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Struts入门经验

作者:silvermew 日期:2007-12-18 19:25:45

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以下内容是我自己整理的一些Struts实施的入门，希望能对大家有所帮助

Struts安装：
首先请到http://jakarta.apache.org/Struts下载Struts，建议使用release版，现在最高版本为1.1，下载后得到的是一个ZIP文件。
将ZIP包解开，可以看到这个目录：lib和webapps，webapps下有一些WAR文件。假设你的Tomcat装在c:\Tomcat下，则将那些WAR文件拷贝到C:\Tomcat\webapps，重新启动Tomcat即可。打开浏览器，在地址栏中输入：http://localhost:8080/Struts-example/index.jsp，若能见到“powered by Struts”的深蓝色图标，即说明成功了。这是Struts自带的一个例子，附有详细的说明文档，可以做为初学者的入门教程。另外，Struts还提供了一系统实用对象：XML处理、通过Java reflection APIs自动处理JavaBeans属性、国际化的提示和消息等

一个实例：
一个用户注册系统，用户通过网页输入相关信息：注册ID号，密码，EMAIL，若注册成功，则返回成功提示信息，反之出现注册失败提示信息。
以下是相关文件的部分核心代码。

项目建立：
正式开发前，需要在Tocmat（我的tomcat装在c:\tomcat）中建立此项目。比较快的一种建立方式为：在C:\tomcat\webapps下新建目录test，再将C:\tomcat\webapps\struts-example下的
WEB-INF目录拷贝到test目录下，然后将test\WEB-INF下的src和classes目录清空，以及struts-config.xml文件中内容清空即可。这样，我们需要的Struts类包及相关的配置文件就都齐了。
开发时，将JSP文件放在test目录下，Java原文件放在test\WEB-INF\src下，编译后的类文件放在test\WEB-INF\classes下。

注册页面：reguser.jsp 
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<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> 
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/Struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %> 
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/Struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> 
<html:html locale="true"> 
<head> 
<title>RegUser</title> 
<html:base/> 
</head> 
<body bgcolor="white"> 
<html:errors/> 
<html:form action="/regUserAction" focus="logname"> 
<table border="0" width="100%"> 
<tr> 
<th align="right"> 
Logname: 
</th> 
<td align="left"> 
<html:text property="logname" size="20" maxlength="20"/> 
</td> 
</tr> 
<tr> 
<th align="right"> 
Password: 
</th> 
<td align="left"> 
<html:password property="password" size="20" maxlength="20"/> 
</td> 
</tr> 
<tr> 
<th align="right"> 
E-mail: 
</th> 
<td align="left"> 
<html:password property="email" size="30" maxlength="50"/> 
</td> 
</tr> 
<tr> 
<td align="right"> 
<html:submit property="submit" value="Submit"/> 
</td> 
<td align="left"> 
<html:reset/> 
</td> 
</tr> 
</table> 
</html:form> 
</body> 
</html:html>

此JSP页面不同于普通的JSP页，因为它大量运用了taglib，这些taglib对初学者而言，可能难于掌握，可这却是Struts的精华之一。灵活运用，将大大提高开发效率。

Struts-config.xml： 
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<Struts-config> 
<form-beans> 
<form-bean name="regUserForm" 
type="org.cjea.Struts.example. RegUserForm "/> 
</form-beans> 
<action-mappings> 
<action path="/regUserAction" 
type=" org.cjea.Struts.example.RegUserAction " 
attribute=" regUserForm " 
scope="request" 
validate="false"> 
<forward name="failure" path="/ messageFailure.jsp"/> 
<forward name="success" path="/ messageSuccess.jsp"/> 
</action> 
</action-mappings> 
</Struts-config>

Struts的核心是Controller，即ActionServlet，而ActionServlet的核心就是Struts-config.xml，Struts-config.xml集中了所有页面的导航定义。对于大型的WEB项目，通过此配置文件即可迅速把握其脉络，这不管是对于前期的开发，还是后期的维护或升级都是大有裨益的。掌握Struts-config.xml是掌握Struts的关键所在。

FormBean：RegUserForm 
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package org.cjea.Struts.example; 
 
import javax.Servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 
import org.apache.Struts.action.ActionForm; 
import org.apache.Struts.action.ActionMapping; 
 
public final class RegUserForm extends ActionForm{ 
 
private String logname; 
private String password; 
private String email; 
 
public RegUserForm(){ 
logname = null; 
password = null; 
email = null; 
} 
 
public String getLogName() { 
return this.logname; 
} 
public void setLogName(String logname) { 
this.logname = logname; 
} 
public void setPassWord(String password) { 
this.password = password; 
} 
public String getPassWord() { 
return this.password; 
} 
public void setEmail(String email) { 
this.email = email; 
} 
public String getEmail() { 
return this.email; 
} 
 
public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) 
{ 
logname = null; 
password = null; 
email = null; 
} 
}

每一个FormBean 都必须继承ActionForm类，FormBean是对页面请求的封装。即把HTTP request 封装在一个对象中，需要说明的一点就是多个HTTP request可以共用一个FormBean，便于维护和重用。

ActionBean：RegUserAction 
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package org.cjea.Struts.example; 
 
import javax.Servlet.http.*; 
import org.apache.Struts.action.*; 
 
public final class RegUserAction extends Action 
{ 
 
public ActionForward perform(ActionMapping mapping, 
ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest req, 
HttpServletResponse res) 
{ 
String title = req.getParameter("title"); 
String password = req.getParameter("password"); 
String email = req.getParameter("email"); 
/* 
取得用户请求,做相应数据库操作，略 
*/ 
} 
}

FormBean的产生是为了提供数据给ActionBean，在ActionBean中可以取得FormBean中封装的数据，经相应的逻辑处理后，调用业务方法完成相应业务要求。

Servlet的演变：在常规的 JSP，Servlet，JavaBean三层结构中，JSP实现View的功能，Servlet实现Controller的功能，JavaBean实现Model的实现。

在Struts中，将常规情况下的Servlet拆分与ActionServlet、FormBean、ActionBean三个部分。ActionServlet配合Struts-config.xml，专职完成页面导航，而不再负责具体的数据获取与相应逻辑，这两部分功能由FormBean和ActionBean来完成。

Struts优缺点
优点：
Struts跟Tomcat、Turbine等诸多Apache项目一样，是开源软件，这是它的一大优点。使开发者能更深入的了解其内部实现机制。
除此之外，Struts的优点主要集中体现在两个方面：Taglib和页面导航。Taglib是Struts的标记库，灵活动用，能大大提高开发效率。另外，就目前国内的JSP开发者而言，除了使用JSP自带的常用标记外，很少开发自己的标记，或许Struts是一个很好的起点。
关于页面导航，我认为那将是今后的一个发展方向，事实上，这样做，使系统的脉络更加清晰。通过一个配置文件，即可把握整个系统各部分之间的联系，这对于后期的维护有着莫大的好处。尤其是当另一批开发者接手这个项目时，这种优势体现得更加明显。
缺点：
Taglib是Struts的一大优势，但对于初学者而言，却需要一个持续学习的过程，甚至还会打乱你网页编写的习惯，但是，当你习惯了它时，你会觉得它真的很棒。
Struts将MVC的Controller一分为三，在获得结构更加清晰的同时，也增加了系统的复杂度。
Struts从产生到现在还不到半年，但已逐步越来越多运用于商业软件。虽然它现在还有不少缺点，但它是一种非常优秀的J2EE MVC实现方式，如果你的系统准备采用J2EE MVC架构，那么，不妨考虑一下Struts。

Struts实施经验：
1、基于Struts架构的项目开发，首先需要有一个很好的整体规划，整个系统中包括哪几个模块，每个模块各需要多少FormBean和ActionBean等，而且最好有专人负责Struts-config.xml的管理。开发基于Struts的项目的难点在于配置管理，尤其是对Struts-config.xml的管理

2、如果你的项目非常紧，并且项目组中又没有富有经验的Struts开发人员，建议不要冒然采用Struts。Struts的掌握需要一个过程，对于一个熟练的JSP程序员，自学大概需要半个月左右的时间。如果结合titls，则需要更长的时间

3、如果你在网页中大量运用taglib，那么你的美工将做出部分牺牲。当你结合Tiles，功能增强的同时，这种牺牲尤为明显。当然，你对功能和美观的取舍由你自己决定

4、Taglib是一个好东西，但灵活运用它却需要一个过程，如果你不想在Taglib上花太多的时间，那么只需理解与FORM有关的几个标记，其它的标记就放着吧，以后再看，先去研究ActionServlet和Struts-config.xml，你会觉得很有成就感

5、Struts是否只适合于大型项目呢？No！Struts适合于各种大小的项目，当然，对于大型项目，它所体现出来的优势更加明显。

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文章来自: ITepub.net
标签: Struts 入门 
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  • 共有 11 条评论
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